Mills Utilitarianism Analysis Essay Example for Free

Mills Utilitarianism Analysis Essay Thesis: Objectors of Utilitarianism states that there is no time for calculating and weighing the effects on utilizing the general happiness. On the contrary, Mill says that mankind has been learning by experience the tendency of actions in order to know what is right and wrong. The rules of morality is improvable, therefore we should pass all that experience on others. However, improving the rules of morality is one thing, but to educate it to the younger is another; since there is still much to learn about the effects of actions on general happiness, and all rational people go through life with their minds made up on the common questions of right and wrong. Reasons: 1. Philosopher and the human: They have to acquire experience about the effects of some actions on their happiness and improving it or at least maintain it. . Traveler: Mill uses the traveler going for his destination as for if a man needs to follow the rules of general happiness, we should open the way and direct him to the knowledge, and not to forbid it. 3. Sailors: They go to sea with it calculated on the Nautical Almanac. Therefore, as for the people, they go on the sea of life with a made up mind on the common questions of right and wrong, and more complicated questions of wise and foolish. Discussion: Mill’s defend against the objectors of Utilitarianism is that the rules of general happiness are made up by the experience of the people. Also, it is improvable by teaching it to the younger and other people. But, he also argues that human are rational creature. Human are capable of answering the questions of right and wrongness by their own experience, and they also capable of learning and experiencing more on their way of life.

Cerebellar Lesions :: Neurology Medical Health Essays

Cerebellar Lesions The cerebellum integrates sensory and other inputs to coordinate ongoing movements and participate in motor planning. The cerebellum has no direct connections to the lower motor neurons but modulates motor function through upper motor neurons. The Vermis and flocculonodular lobes regulate balance and eye movements via connections with vestibular nuclei and oculomotor system, these regions control the medial motor systems. The more lateral areas of the cerebellum control muscles of extremities, the most lateral areas control function in motor planning. (Chapter 15 Cerebellum) When cerebellar lesions occur they produce ataxia (irregular uncoordinated movement.) Ataxia occurs ipsilateral to the side of the cerebellar injury. Midline cerebellar lesions cause unsteady gate (truncal ataxia) and eye movement abnormalities (nystagymas), which are often accompanied by vertigo, nausea and vomiting. Lateral cerebellar lesions cause limb ataxia. (Chapter 15 Cerebellum) Patients with cerebellar damage, regardless of the cause or location, exhibit persistent errors in movement. These movement errors are always on the same side of the body as the damage to the cerebellum, reflecting the cerebellum's unusual status as a brain structure in which sensory and motor information is represented ipsilateral rather than contra laterally. Furthermore, somatic, visual, and other inputs are represented topographically within the cerebellum; as a result, the movement deficits may be quite specific. For example, one of the most common cerebellar syndromes is caused by degeneration in the anterior portion of the cerebellar cortex in patients with a long history of alcohol abuse. Such damage specifically affects movement in the lower limbs, which are represented in the anterior spinocerebellum. The consequences include a wide and staggering gait, with little impairment of arm or hand movements. Thus, the topographical organization of the cerebellum allows cerebellar damage to disrupt the coordination of movements performed by some muscle groups but not others. The implication of these pathologies is that the cerebellum is normally capable of integrating the moment-to-moment actions of muscles and joints throughout the body to ensure the smooth execution of a full range of motor behaviors. Thus, cerebellar lesions lead first and foremost to a lack of coordination of ongoing movements. For example, damage to the vestibulocerebellum impairs the ability to stand upright and maintain the direction of gaze. The eyes have difficulty

Violence in Television Creates Aggression in Children

We all love action packed, horrifying, fighting type of movies like Drive, The Dark Knight, Kindergarten Cop, Star Wars or Who Framed Roger Rabbit. These movies don’t seem very harmful to us and may seem more funny then violent, but how children perceive these films is very different from how an adult may perceive it. How do children view these movies? And how do they absorb the information in front of them?. Violence in the media creates aggression in everyone but it has a major impact on children. Parenting and environmental factors also have in effect.Society and media has made us believe that violence is acceptable in films but when it happens in real life, many don’t seem accepting. People don’t seem to realize in order to suppress violence in life you have to begin with not displaying violence as if it was socially acceptable. Many factors play into childhood aggression; family, environment or mass media. Many parents sit their children in front of a televi sion for hours just to keep them occupied, but they are not aware of the damage they are doing to their kids.Movies like Who Framed Roger Rabbit may seem like a harmless movie to us but it portrays violence with guns, arguing and even distorted information of how to handle stressful situations. Movies or cartoons like this, show children you have to resort to violence to resolve certain situations. Other cartoons like Bugs Bunny, who cross dress and flirt to bring his hunter into a trap, are highly inappropriate. Young children are very manipulative and tend to reenact or repeat things they see or hear.It may be adorable when your kid is kicking and fighting around like Batman but in their mind they see fighting and aggression as a resolution. As they get older aggression and violence seems like a normal part of life and acceptable. They become desensitized with the more violence they are exposed to and usually want to watch something with more action and violence, hence become more and more absorbed in to aggression. (Huesmann & Miller,1994;) This aggression seems to stand out more on which family class they stand in.Children in lower class families tend to watch more TV, and have lower IQ’s because they are not interacting with others, reading, or using any kind of thought process. Many factors play into why children of lower class families watch more television (Huesmann, 1998). In these days many families find themselves working and not spending as much time at home, leaving the child to watch a lot of television, and if they are not around, there’s no assuring what the child is watching. Lower class families tend to be more stressed and that sometimes reflects on the children; creating anxiety and aggression (Tremblay,2000).Not having money to enjoy other activities, also causes more children to be inactive, and living in dangerous neighborhoods cause them to stay inside more. Television is America’s favorite pass time and people beli eve watching television is a good way to pass time or bond with each other but it does the opposite. There is no interaction with family members or peers and most adults don’t want to sit around watching kid shows, so children watch what their parents want to watch and usually it is inappropriate.Telling your child to cover their eyes or ears during a scene really doesn’t improve much. Some families neglect their children, give them harsh punishments or sometimes don’t discipline them at all and that also plays a role. Many studies have shown, the more a child is exposed to violence, the more often a child will respond with aggression or violence (Andison, F. S. 1977). Andison from the American Psychological Association, also discovered continue exposure to violence can lead to antisocialism, violence, drugs and criminality.Aggressive children prefer violence on television, prefer violent character and see it as part of life more than less aggressive children. S ome children won’t show signs of aggression until they are older. Consistently watching violent or inappropriate programs can affect anybody at any age or gender. Extensive researched from the American Psychological Association, also revealed aggressive behavior is more in males who tend to watch more television ( Huesmann, L. R. , Eron, L. D. , Berkowitz, L. , & Chaffee, S. (1991). Males are also raised more aggressively.Many parents believe they have to be hard on boys to make them tougher, but in actuality that can damage a child or create anger or hatred. Many children who grow up with constant aggression or violence usually don’t turn out to be the American dream person. Creators seem to forget their audience is young children and they side track to create more ratings instead of keeping it appropriate for children of a certain age. Not every person would agree violent television or inappropriate programs are the causes of aggression in children.Taking into consid eration how the child was raised, and the environment they grow up in, can have a large effect on many children. Not all television is bad, but the problem these days is that parents don’t monitor what their children watch. There are many reasons television can be a good thing for a child. If parents gave healthy viewing habits, less viewing time and watched what was on the screen for their kids, television can be very educational. Learning shows like blues clues give children thinking practice by causing them to solve riddles and find clues.Channels like the discovery channel can help children discover about the world around them and in turn learning and using thought. Television has been a revolutionary change for the last few generations. It has changed our way of life for the better and for the worse. I personally believe that before television families were closer, and violence wasn’t as popular on shows, and people were healthier, because there were more activiti es to enjoy, then just sitting at home doing nothing. These days the violence and uneducated shows on television has sadly affected even our younger viewer.Children don’t need to know about depression, hell or anger like the cartoon, Billy and Mandy display. Cartoons like this show children, it’s acceptable to be furious and angry and act aggressively to your siblings. If parents really began to care about their children, they would monitor and lower their television time. No child should have to sit 5 hours or longer in front of a television with no supervision, when they could be interacting and learning with family and peers. Violence in television also has to be decreased in adult watching as well. It has become such a large part in our society.Children shouldn’t have to grow up thinking fighting, cursing, and aggressive behavior towards others is acceptable, and it’s up to the parents to make a change. Sources * Longitudinal Relations Between Childre n’s Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977–1992 Psychology Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2003, Vol. 39, No. 2, 201–221 * Kidshealth. rg; How TV effects your child by   Steven Dowshen, MD http://kidshealth. org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child. html * Is Television Advertising Good for Children? Areas of Concern and Policy Implications Vol 20 No 1 (2001) http://www. sfu. ca/media-lab/archive/2007/426/Resources/Readings/readings%20kidcult/canadianadpolicy. pdf * Desensitization of children to television violence. Cline, Victor B. ;Croft, Roger G. ;Courrier, Steven Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 27(3), Sep 1973, 360-365

Cosmopolitan s Myth Or Truth - 1531 Words

Cosmopolitan Canopies: Myth or Truth? Albert Einstein, a famous scientist once said, â€Å"Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.† In relation to this quote, a place of peace cannot be created, it has to be naturally formed by people who understand one another, and understand that certain places need to be peaceful. In Elijah Anderson’s The Cosmopolitan Canopy; Race and Civility in Everyday Life, he describes places called â€Å"Cosmopolitan Canopies†. According to Anderson, cosmopolitan canopies are places where everyone is peaceful and civil towards one another. People of all races get along in these places and no one outwardly judges each other in a harsh manner. Judging is either abolished or people keep it quietly to themselves and Anderson refers to judging as â€Å"people watching†. He believes certain requirements need to be met to be formed, and I observed a place that could be a perfect canopy, according to Ander son’s requirements. In Anderson’s The Cosmopolitan Canopy; Race and Civility in Everyday Life, the narrator’s belief in a peaceful common ground causes a certain interest in seeing if the cosmopolitan canopies always form on their own or if they can be created. Anderson’s idea that cosmopolitan canopies are formed in places that have certain requirements, showed me the places that were best for observing. One of the places Anderson observed was Rittenhouse Square in Philadelphia. Rittenhouse square fits the ideal of a cosmopolitan canopyShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Principle Of Inquiry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophers. Even though Pre-Socratic history has more than a few missing puzzle pieces, we have understood that this was an era where people began to â€Å"reject traditional mythological explanations of the natural world† and instead began to elucidate myth and look for logical (and in some cases scientific) evidence for occurrences in nature. 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